Toronto vs El Paso: which should you move to?
Toronto or El Paso? Housing, rent, crime, climate, income, taxes and transit, side by side, from each city's own published figures. Written for someone deciding where to live, not for a ranking.
The two housing bills are in different currencies, and held against local pay they are far apart. Mortgage, property tax and insurance come to about $4,635 CAD a month in Toronto, roughly 66% of the city's 2020 median household income, and about $2,165 USD on El Paso County's median sale price, roughly 43% of the City of El Paso's 2024 median, on homes about eleven and about 4.7 times those incomes. The tax sits in opposite places: a Toronto earner pays about $21,200 CAD of $100,000 in federal and provincial income tax and 0.57% of a home's value in property tax, while Texas levies no income tax and takes an effective 2.08%, $5,845 a year on the El Paso County median, the highest property tax of the Texas cities here. Toronto has the safety on homicide, 45 in the city in 2025 against 26 in El Paso, a city about a quarter its size, and the transit, with 26.2% of city commuters on it in 2021 against 0.9% in El Paso in 2024. El Paso has the lower unemployment on its own measure, 4.8% against 6.7%, and the sun. Choose Toronto to live without a car, for coverage that comes with residency and for a mild summer. Choose El Paso to buy a house on a salary, for an 8.1 C January and for work tied to Fort Bliss and the border, if you can plan around 116.8 days a year at 90F.
Toronto prices are in CAD and El Paso prices are in USD. The tables leave them in their own currency and compare ratios and rates instead; a conversion would be stale by the time you read it.
| Measure | Toronto | El Paso | Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| City population | 2,794,356 (2021) | 683,012 (2025) | Not directly comparable |
| Metro population | 6,202,225 (2021) | 881,291 (2025) | Not directly comparable |
| Five-year growth Growth is pressure on rents and roads as much as it is opportunity, so it is reported without a winner. | 2.3% (2016-2021) | 0.6% (2020-2025) | Not directly comparable |
What a home costs in each
The figures the two cities' rent-versus-buy and mortgage calculators run on, read from the same tables.
| Measure | Toronto | El Paso | Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Benchmark home price MLS® HPI or equivalent benchmark. Lower is treated as the advantage, which is the buyer's view rather than the owner's. | $928,200 (July 2026) | $280,615 (August 2026) | Not directly comparable |
| Detached house benchmark | $1,455,200 | $239,433 | Not directly comparable |
| Apartment or condominium benchmark | $551,900 | $176,689 | Not directly comparable |
| Two-bedroom rent | $2,045/mo (average, October 2025) | $1,126/mo (median, September 2026) | Not directly comparable |
| One-bedroom rent | $1,761/mo | $941/mo | Not directly comparable |
| Two-bedroom rent against median income A year of two-bedroom rent as a share of the median household income below. A household paying the median rent out of the median income is a fiction, but it is the same fiction in both columns and it crosses currencies. | 29.2% of a year's income | 22.5% of a year's income | El Paso |
| Mortgage payment on the benchmark, 20% down 25 years in Toronto against 30 in El Paso, each compounding the way its own country's lenders do. The rates are not a spread you can shop: they are what each market charges. | $4,044/mo at 4.34% | $1,498/mo at 7.03% | Not directly comparable |
| Price to household income Benchmark price divided by the median household income below. A ratio is comparable across currencies; the dollars are not. | 11.1× | 4.7× | El Paso |
| Property tax on the benchmark home The effective rate on market value, which is what the two rates have in common and what the Advantage column is decided on; the bills are in each city's own dollars. | $5,291/yr (0.57%, 2026) | $5,845/yr (2.083%, 2025) | Toronto |
| Transfer tax on the benchmark home Compared as a share of the price. Where the seller pays it, it is a cost of leaving rather than arriving. | $30,078 (buyer pays) | None | El Paso |
| Rent control A cap protects a sitting tenant and does nothing for the next lease, so neither column is simply better. | 2.1% guideline (2026) | Forbidden by state law | Not directly comparable |
Toronto: About 0.57% of market value. Toronto levies 0.767311%, but against a Current Value Assessment frozen at 1 January 2016 values, because Ontario has deferred every reassessment since. MPAC's average Toronto assessment is $692,140 and the City's own worked example puts the bill on it at $5,311 for 2026, which on the $928,200 composite benchmark is 0.57%. That is the fourth-lowest rate on market value of the cities on this site, behind Vancouver, Kelowna and Victoria, and it produces almost exactly the same bill as Ottawa's 0.83%, because the home it is charged against costs 46% more. El Paso: About 2.08% of value for a homesteaded owner, worked out on the $280,615 El Paso County median sale price. A house in the City of El Paso and El Paso ISD, the school district more of the city's residents live in than any other, is taxed by five units for 2025, which add to 2.643693 per $100 before any exemption. Three take a homestead exemption off the appraised value first and two take none: El Paso ISD takes the state's $140,000 and nothing more, El Paso County and the City a flat $5,000 each, and El Paso Community College and University Medical Center of El Paso, the county's hospital district, nothing at all. So El Paso County levies 0.458889 per $100 on $275,615 after an exemption of $5,000, $1,265; City of El Paso levies 0.759649 per $100 on $275,615 after an exemption of $5,000, $2,094; El Paso ISD levies 1.0807 per $100 on $140,615 after an exemption of $140,000, $1,520; El Paso Community College levies 0.103563 per $100 on the full $280,615, with no homestead exemption, $291; University Medical Center of El Paso levies 0.240892 per $100 on the full $280,615, with no homestead exemption, $676. The five come to $5,845 a year, 2.08% of the price. Without a homestead, as a landlord or a buyer who never files, the same house owes $7,419. In Ysleta ISD, the district the second most residents live in, the school line is 1.2005 per $100 after an exemption of $196,123, the state's plus the district's own 20%, and the same house comes to $5,339, 1.90%; in Socorro ISD, at 0.9389, it comes to $5,645, 2.01%. The median is the county's, and a typical home inside the city is cheaper: on $238,475, Zillow's August 2026 value for a typical City of El Paso home, the El Paso ISD stack comes to $4,731, 1.98%, lower because the school district's flat exemption is a larger share of a cheaper house. These are the 2025 rates, the bills due by 31 January 2026. The City has since adopted 0.798 for 2026, but when these figures were retrieved the City Tax Office's table still ran to 2025, so the calculators stay on 2025 until all five units' 2026 rates are published.
How safe each city is, by the numbers it publishes
Police-reported figures for the most recent year each force or statistics agency has released. Rates describe a whole city or metro area, and the spread between neighbourhoods inside one city is usually wider than the gap between the two cities.
| Measure | Toronto | El Paso | Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crime Severity Index Statistics Canada's weighted index for the metropolitan area, where 100 is Canada in 2006. American cities have no equivalent series. | 55.0 (2025) | Not published | Not directly comparable |
| Violent crime per 100,000 Canada counts every violent Criminal Code incident; the FBI counts four offences. The Canadian figure is always the larger one for that reason alone. | 987 (2025) | 288 (2025) | Not directly comparable |
| Property crime per 100,000 | 2,566 (2025) | 1,340 (2025) | Not directly comparable |
| Homicides Counts, not rates, and a single year in a small city moves a long way on chance alone. What each figure covers is under the table. | 45 (2025) | 26 (2025) | Not directly comparable |
The Toronto CMA Crime Severity Index climbed from 45.91 in 2021 to 59.43 in 2024, driven largely by auto theft, then fell 7.5% to 54.99 in 2025 with violent CSI down 13.7%. Toronto Police recorded 12,610 auto thefts in 2023, 9,676 in 2024 and 7,402 in 2025, and 2025 homicides (45) were the fewest since the 1980s.
What the rates cover: Police-reported violent Criminal Code violations, Toronto CMA, 69,297 actual incidents, table 35-10-0177-01
Homicides: Toronto Police Service public safety data portal count for the city (85 in 2024, 73 in 2023). Statistics Canada counts 64 homicides for the wider Toronto CMA in 2025, a rate of 0.91 per 100,000, down from 133 (1.90) in 2024
On the FBI's definitions, violent offenses in El Paso went from 1,794 in 2021 to 2,109 in 2022, 2,134 in 2023 and a peak of 2,170 in 2024, then 1,969 in 2025, a 9% drop in the last year that still leaves the count 10% above 2021. Property offenses went from 8,882 to 9,440 and a peak of 11,061 in 2023, then 10,246 and 9,152, 17% below the peak. Motor vehicle theft drove much of the swing: 994 in 2021, 2,314 in 2023 and 1,805 in 2025. In 2025 the CDE shows aggravated assaults down 10% (1,628 to 1,467), robberies down 11% (255 to 226), rapes down 6% (267 to 250), burglaries down 19% (959 to 773) and larcenies down 11%, while murders (20 to 26) and arsons (69 to 78) rose. EPPD's own count of the eight offenses, as reported to the state, fell 11% in 2025, but El Paso Matters found it was the only one of Texas's 25 largest law enforcement agencies to report more serious crime in 2025 than in 2021, after rises in 2022 and 2023. The 2025 CDE counts were read on 30 September 2026 from a feed last refreshed on 15 September and can still be revised.
What the rates cover: Computed: 1,969 violent offenses (murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault) in the FBI Crime Data Explorer's summarized data for the El Paso Police Department (ORI TX0710200) in calendar 2025, divided by the 683,012 Vintage 2025 city population. On the CDE's own agency population of 682,310 the rate is 289. That is the lowest of any US city this site compares, against 375 in Fort Worth, 532 in San Antonio, 577 in Dallas and 890 in Houston, and below Miami's 359. EPPD's own figures, as reported to the Texas Department of Public Safety and summarized by El Paso Matters, put violent crime 10% lower in 2025 than in 2024, in line with the CDE's 9% drop.
Homicides: 26 murders and nonnegligent manslaughters in 2025 in the FBI CDE, against 20 in 2024, about 3.8 per 100,000 on the city population, half Fort Worth's rate and a third of Houston's. El Paso Matters, reading the department's report to the state, also has murder rising in 2025, one of only two of the eight tracked offenses that did, with arson. The CDE series is small and uneven: 33 in 2021, 22 in 2022, 37 in 2023, 20 in 2024 and 26 in 2025.
Winters, summers and what the weather can do to a house
| Measure | Toronto | El Paso | Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| January mean | -5.0 °C | 8.1 °C | Not directly comparable |
| July mean | 22.1 °C | 29.1 °C | Not directly comparable |
| Precipitation a year | 807 mm | 223 mm | Not directly comparable |
| Snowfall a year | 115 cm | 7 cm | Not directly comparable |
| Sunshine a year | 2,066 hours | 3,763 hours | El Paso |
Environment and Climate Change Canada 1991-2020 normals at Toronto Pearson International Airport (climate ID 6158731): annual mean 8.6 C. The 1991-2020 normals do not publish sunshine; 2,066.3 hours is the 1981-2010 normal at the Toronto (City) station, climate ID 6158350.
Hazards: Humid summer heat warnings and winter cold snaps with lake-effect snow squalls; flash flooding from intense summer storms (July 2013 and July 2024 downpours flooded roads and the Don Valley); wildfire smoke advisories in some summers since 2023; occasional severe thunderstorms and hail, rare tornadoes.
NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 normals for El Paso International Airport (station USW00023044), inside the city about 7 miles east-northeast of downtown and the station where the National Weather Service keeps El Paso's official record: January mean 46.5F, July mean 84.4F, annual mean 66.2F, 8.78 in of precipitation, 2.8 in of snow. July is the warmest month by half a degree over June (83.9F), but June has the hottest afternoons, with a mean high of 97.1F before the monsoon arrives, against July's 95.8F; December (46.1F) is a shade colder than January, whose mean low is 34.5F. More than half the year's rain falls from July through September (1.58, 1.67 and 1.52 in), and April (0.17 in) is the driest month; the snow falls from November to February, most of it in December (1.3 in). The normals count 116.8 days a year at 90F or above, 26.5 at 100F or above and 42.0 nights at or below freezing. Converted here to 8.1 C, 29.1 C, 223 mm and 7.1 cm. That is the least precipitation of any city this site compares, a quarter of Dallas's and a sixth of Houston's, and the most freezing nights of the Texas cities; only Austin, at 28.7, has more 100F days. Sunshine is the 1961-1990 NOAA monthly series as Wikipedia's climate table gives it, 3,762.5 hours a year, rounded here to 3,763 and the most of any city this site compares; Current Results, from the same NCDC comparative data, puts El Paso at 84% of possible sunshine and 193 clear days a year but lists no hours for it, and the 1991-2020 normals do not include sunshine.
Hazards: Heat is the constant, and it is getting worse. The normals count 116.8 days a year at or above 90F and 26.5 at or above 100F (37.8 C). The airport's record is 70 days of 100F in 2023, including 44 in a row from 16 June to 29 July, well ahead of 62 in 1994 and 57 in 2020, and its highest reading is 114F (45.6 C), on 30 June 1994. The summer of 2026 set a different record: 108 days in a row at 90F or above, from 6 June to 21 September, the longest run on record and two days longer than 2015's, with 52 days at 100F or above by 27 September, and El Paso Matters reports the year on track to be the city's warmest. Flash flooding is the danger the dry climate hides. The monsoon brings most of the year's rain in a few storms, and water runs off the Franklin Mountains through the arroyos into the city. From 27 July to 4 August 2006 a series of storms dropped 6.84 in (174 mm) on the airport, 2.84 in (72 mm) of it on 1 August, its second-wettest day since 1938, while 3 to almost 10 in fell over the western side of the city that morning and early afternoon; the National Weather Service calls it the worst flooding in the area's recorded history. The Rio Grande rose to its highest level since 1912, 1,200 people were evacuated from Sunland Park, New Mexico, all of Vinton was evacuated, and the airport's 15.01 in (381 mm) from July through September made it the wettest monsoon on record. The NWS puts the region's damage at about $450 million; El Paso Water counts more than $200 million to homes and businesses and $115 million to the city's stormwater system, and the City Council created a stormwater utility, run by El Paso Water on monthly fees, in 2008. Wind and dust are the spring hazard, from March to early May, when strong winds lift sand and dust off the desert and cut visibility (Wikipedia). On 8 December 2009 gusts near 80 mph (129 km/h) tore roofs off buildings in eastern El Paso and closed Transmountain Road and US 54, and blowing dust cut visibility on I-10 toward Las Cruces to under half a mile (NWS). Drought is a water supply problem. El Paso Water gets nearly half its supply from the Rio Grande, stored upstream in New Mexico's Elephant Butte Reservoir, and says it has not received a full allocation in about a decade; the rest comes from the Hueco and Mesilla aquifers and the Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant, built with Fort Bliss, which can make 27.5 million gallons a day from brackish groundwater and which the utility calls the largest inland desalination plant in the world. Elephant Butte fell to 26,777 acre-feet on 30 July 2026, 1.4% of its capacity and the least water in it since October 1971 on Texas Water Development Board figures, and stood at 2.4% on 30 September. The utility's Pure Water Center, a $290 million plant that will turn up to 10 million gallons a day of treated wastewater into drinking water piped straight into the distribution system, one of the first of its kind in the country, is under construction and due to open in 2029. Cold is rare, and the grid matters. El Paso Electric is on the grid that covers the western US, not ERCOT's, as the utility itself points out, so El Paso sat outside the Texas grid that failed during Winter Storm Uri: the airport recorded 3.2 in (8.1 cm) of snow on 14 February 2021 and a low of 14F (-10.0 C) on the 14th and 15th, and the Texas Department of State Health Services, which counted 246 deaths from the storm across the state, recorded none in El Paso County. The city's own crisis came ten years earlier. From 1 to 4 February 2011 temperatures stayed below freezing for 78 hours, the high on the 2nd was 15F (-9.4 C) and the low on the 3rd was 1F (-17.2 C); all eight of El Paso Electric's primary generators failed in the cold, forcing rolling blackouts, and frozen pipes and failed pumps left parts of El Paso without water for days (NWS, Wikipedia). The station's record low is -8F (-22.2 C), on 11 January 1962.
What people earn and what the government takes
| Measure | Toronto | El Paso | Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median household income | $84,000 CAD (2020) | $59,932 USD (2024) | Not directly comparable |
| Unemployment rate Statistics Canada and the Bureau of Labor Statistics define unemployment slightly differently; the Canadian measure runs about a point higher on the same labour market. | 6.7% (July 2026) | 4.8% (July 2026) | Not directly comparable |
| Sales tax | 13% | 8.25% | El Paso |
| Top marginal income tax Federal plus provincial or state. The American figure leaves out payroll taxes and the cost of health insurance, both of which a Canadian household covers through the tax it pays here. | 53.53% | 37% | El Paso |
| Income tax on $100,000, single filer Computed from each jurisdiction's brackets at a single filer's $100,000 and rounded to the dollar, so a gap of a dollar is rounding rather than tax. Two cities in one province or state are shown as Even, because there the two cells describe the same tax and whatever separates them is method. | $21,200 CAD | $13,449 USD | Not directly comparable |
Toronto's unemployment rate ran above the national rate through 2025 as population growth outpaced hiring, and TD Economics (October 2025) found trade-war exposed sectors such as transportation and warehousing and manufacturing shedding jobs and youth unemployment near one in five. The rate eased to 6.7% by July 2026.
Main sectors: Financial services and banking, Technology and software, Health care and life sciences, Professional services and education, Film, media and the arts.
No municipal income tax. Toronto levies a Municipal Land Transfer Tax on top of the provincial land transfer tax, and a Vacant Home Tax.
BLS counted 363,500 nonfarm jobs in the El Paso MSA in August 2026 (not seasonally adjusted, preliminary), up 3,200 or 0.9% on the year. Professional and business services grew fastest (+3.5%, to 44,500), then leisure and hospitality (+2.5%, to 44,600), construction and mining (+1.8%) and manufacturing (+1.1%, to 18,400), while information (-4.5%) and local government (-1.3%, to 47,000) shrank and private education and health services held at 56,000. Unlike in Fort Worth and San Antonio, federal employment rose, 3.0% to 13,800; BLS's payroll count does not include active-duty soldiers. Trade, transportation and utilities is the largest sector at 80,200 jobs and government the second at 70,900. The seasonally adjusted series (SMS48213400000000001) was 365,200 in August 2026, 1.2% above August 2025. The Texas Comptroller counts 41,527 direct employees at Fort Bliss in 2025 and estimates the base supported 121,220 Texas jobs and $17.3 billion of the state's GDP ($29.1 billion of output). The border is the other half of the economy: in 2025 the Bureau of Transportation Statistics counted 13.1 million personal vehicle passengers and 5.4 million pedestrians entering at the El Paso port, second on the Mexican border only to San Ysidro for both, and 641,729 trucks at Ysleta-Zaragoza, fourth after Laredo, Otay Mesa and Hidalgo. The largest new investment is Meta's AI data center in Northeast El Paso, a $10 billion project as El Paso Matters described it in May 2026, which the city expects to become its largest property taxpayer, at about $15 million a year once fully built in 2028, with 300 permanent jobs (El Paso Matters).
Main sectors: Military and federal government: Fort Bliss, home of the 1st Armored Division, the largest installation in the Army's Forces Command, with 41,527 direct employees in 2025 (30,288 of them active-duty), and the federal border agencies (US Border Patrol's El Paso Sector, Customs and Border Protection, the El Paso Intelligence Center), Health care (University Medical Center of El Paso and the El Paso County Hospital District, Texas Tech Health El Paso, William Beaumont Army Medical Center), Cross-border trade, transportation and logistics with Ciudad Juárez and its export factories, the metro's largest sector by payroll jobs (80,200 in August 2026), The ports of entry: the downtown Paso del Norte, Stanton Street and Bridge of the Americas crossings, Ysleta-Zaragoza and Tornillo, which together took 842,659 trucks and 28.8 million people into the US in 2025, Education and local government (UTEP, El Paso Community College and the El Paso, Ysleta and Socorro school districts); government is the metro's second-largest sector at 70,900 jobs.
Property tax is the local levy that matters. Tax Foundation puts Texas's effective property tax rate on owner-occupied homes at 1.40%, and school districts must exempt $140,000 of a homestead's value from their tax. On 18 August 2026 a divided City Council adopted a $658.6 million general fund budget for fiscal 2027 and a rate of 79.8 cents per $100 of taxable value, both 6 to 2, which El Paso Matters says will raise the city's bill on the average-value home by about $105; the council had adopted the no-new-revenue rate every year before 2025, and the city manager's proposal at the voter-approval rate would have added $132. The county adopted its no-new-revenue rate of 45.1 cents, about $41 more on a $229,637 home, and the hospital district proposed its no-new-revenue rate of 23.7 cents. El Paso's rates are among the highest of Texas's big counties, but its home values are among the lowest: an El Paso Matters analysis of Tax Foundation and Census data found the county's median property tax bill took 6.1% of median household income in 2024, about the same share as in most large Texas counties and less than in Travis County, where the median bill was 111% higher. The county, school district, hospital district, community college and other levies on the same bill belong to the housing layer.
Whether you need a car
| Measure | Toronto | El Paso | Advantage |
|---|---|---|---|
| System | Toronto Transit Commission (subway, streetcar, bus, Wheel-Trans); GO Transit and UP Express (Metrolinx) for regional rail and bus | Sun Metro, a department of the City of El Paso that also serves the rest of El Paso County: 39 fixed bus routes with a fleet of 171 buses running on compressed natural gas, four Brio rapid bus lines (Mesa, opened 2014; Alameda and Dyer, 2018; Montana, 2022) covering about 51.5 miles with 98 stations, running in mixed traffic with signal priority, the fare-free El Paso Streetcar on a 4.8-mile downtown and UTEP loop with 27 stops, using restored 1937 PCC cars (opened November 2018), and LIFT paratransit | Not directly comparable |
| Commute by public transit | 26.2% (2021) | 0.9% (2024) | Toronto |
| Walk or cycle to work | 9.6% (2021) | 1.6% (2024) | Toronto |
| Airport | Toronto Pearson International Airport, YYZ, 47.3 million passengers in 2025 (up 1.1% from 46.8 million in 2024), per GTAA 2025 annual results. Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (YTZ) serves short-haul flights from the waterfront. | El Paso International Airport (ELP), owned by the city about 7 miles east-northeast of downtown and with no airline hub, handled 3,838,968 passengers in 2025, 4.9% fewer than the record 4,038,530 of 2024, and 83,183 tons of freight, 11.3% fewer, per the airport's December 2025 activity report; Southwest Airlines carried 54% of December's passengers and American 24%. On the night of 10 February 2026 the FAA closed most of El Paso's airspace to civil aviation, citing special security reasons, and lifted the order less than eight hours later; 14 passenger flights were canceled (Wikipedia). | Not directly comparable |
TTC carried 420 million trips in 2024 (204 million bus, 181 million subway, 35 million streetcar). The TTC's year-end projection for 2025 was 414 million rides, about 78% of 2019 levels, with 426.4 million forecast for 2026; a final audited 2025 total was not found.
Sun Metro carried 6,186,400 unlinked trips in 2025, 5,575,200 of them by bus and 396,200 on the streetcar, and about 20,200 a weekday in the second quarter of 2026, 1,400 of them on the streetcar (APTA ridership reports, as cited by Wikipedia; APTA's PDFs refused the fetcher). That is slightly more than Trinity Metro's 6,180,600 in Fort Worth, a city half again as large, and a fifth of VIA's 30.7 million in San Antonio. The system is paid for in part by a half-cent city sales tax levied since 1988, and the standard fare is $1.50. The Brio lines, branded buses with curbside stations and pre-boarding ticket machines, run less often than that branding suggests: Sun Metro's current schedules give the Mesa line every 15 minutes at weekday peaks and 20 otherwise, the Alameda and Dyer lines 20 and 25, and the Montana line 30 to 35; the Montana line, 17 miles to the Upper East Side, is the longest. The streetcar runs every 15 minutes, until 11 pm on Fridays and Saturdays, and charges no fare. Its cars ran on El Paso's last line, the international loop through Ciudad Juárez, from 1950 until it closed in 1973 (Wikipedia).
Health care, schools and what each city is like
Health care
Care is publicly funded through the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP), which covers physician and hospital services for residents with no premiums beyond the income-tested Ontario Health Premium collected through income tax; new residents wait up to three months for coverage, and prescription drugs, dental and vision are mostly private or employer insured. Toronto is home to the University Health Network (Toronto General, Toronto Western, Princess Margaret), Sunnybrook, St. Michael's, Mount Sinai and SickKids, but family-doctor shortages and long emergency-department and specialist waits are common.
Education
The University of Toronto, Toronto Metropolitan University and York University are in the city, with U of T consistently ranked in the global top 25. Publicly funded schools are run by four boards, the Toronto District School Board (the largest in Canada), the Toronto Catholic District School Board and two French-language boards, with specialized and alternative programs rather than US-style charters.
Living there
Toronto is a dense, fast-growing city of high-rise condos along the subway lines and low-rise neighbourhoods of brick semis in between, with more than half of residents born outside Canada. Housing costs are the central fact of life, and commutes by TTC, GO train or the 401 are long. Winters are grey and cold rather than extreme, summers humid, and the lakefront, ravines and Toronto Islands are where the city goes outside.
Health care
Care is paid for through employer or marketplace insurance, Medicare and Medicaid, and Texas is one of the ten states that have not expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (KFF). It had the highest uninsured rate of any state in 2024: 16.7%, or 5,152,427 of 30,799,312 people, against 8.2% nationally and 12.0% in Georgia, the next highest, on the ACS 2024 1-year estimates. The City of El Paso's rate was 20.8% (138,104 of 665,393), El Paso County's 21.5% and the metro's 21.5%. University Medical Center of El Paso, run by the El Paso County Hospital District, is the county's only public hospital and the region's only Level I trauma center; it has 394 licensed beds and in fiscal 2024 counted 97,326 emergency visits and more than a million outpatient visits. The district, which also runs El Paso Children's Hospital, has budgeted $136 million of uncompensated care for fiscal 2027 on a $2.1 billion budget, citing the end of the enhanced ACA subsidies, and voters approved a $397 million bond for it in 2024 (El Paso Matters). UMC is the teaching hospital of Texas Tech Health El Paso, formerly Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, independent since 2013, whose Paul L. Foster School of Medicine was the first four-year medical school on the US-Mexico border; it also runs schools of nursing, biomedical sciences and dental medicine, the last of which took its first class in 2021, and is planning the Fox Cancer Center, which it calls the first comprehensive cancer center in far West Texas. William Beaumont Army Medical Center, the Army hospital at Fort Bliss, moved into a new 1.1-million-square-foot complex on East Fort Bliss in July 2021 and runs the emergency department for Northeast El Paso (Wikipedia). This file did not verify a wait time figure for primary or specialist care.
Education
Four school districts cover parts of the city, El Paso ISD, Ysleta ISD, Socorro ISD and Canutillo ISD, and nine serve the county (Wikipedia). All of them are shrinking: El Paso County lost almost 12,000 residents aged 5 to 18 between 2020 and 2025, 6.6%, and the three largest districts had about 124,000 students in 2025-26, 13% fewer than seven years earlier (El Paso Matters). El Paso ISD lost almost 1,900 students in 2025-26 against a budgeted 1,000, ran a $52.8 million deficit, and on 4 June 2026 its board declared financial exigency to cut about 410 jobs, after which two trustees resigned; it has postponed a bond election to May 2027. Ysleta ISD adopted a budget that nearly empties its savings. The University of Texas at El Paso, an R1 research university, has 26,297 students, 85% of them Hispanic and half the first in their families to attend college, and calls itself the leading Hispanic-serving university in the country. El Paso Community College, with five campuses, enrolled 25,563 credit students in fall 2024, 81.7% of them Hispanic (EPCC Fact Book). Texas Tech Health El Paso trains doctors, nurses and dentists beside UMC.
Living there
El Paso is the only city this site compares on the Mexican border, the only one in the desert, and the only Texas city here on Mountain time, an hour behind the rest of the state, half of a metropolis whose larger half, Ciudad Juárez, is across the Rio Grande: 28.8 million people crossed into the US at its three ports in 2025. It is also the one Texas city here that is not growing. It lost 2,219 residents in 2024-25, the most of any city in the state, and has grown 0.6% since 2020, as births fall, fewer people move up from Mexico and young adults leave for better pay; household income, at $59,932, is the lowest of any city this site compares, and 20.8% of residents have no health insurance. Fort Bliss and the border agencies anchor the economy, with health care, trade and the schools. Its violent crime rate, 288 per 100,000 on the FBI's counts for 2025, is the lowest of any US city here, with 26 homicides. It is built for the car, with 0.9% of workers on a bus network that runs four Brio rapid lines and a free downtown streetcar. The climate is the driest and sunniest here, with 8.78 in of rain a year, and the hottest summers are recent ones: 70 days at 100F in 2023 and 108 straight days at 90F or above in 2026. The open questions are water and money: the Rio Grande reservoir that supplies nearly half the city's water fell to 1.4% of capacity in July 2026, a divided council raised the city's property tax rate in August, El Paso ISD declared financial exigency in June as enrollment falls, and the city is counting on Meta's data center, due to become its largest property taxpayer, to take some of the load off homeowners.
Where each city wins, and where it loses
Toronto's figures are in Canadian dollars and El Paso's in US dollars. Toronto's composite benchmark for the City was $928,200 CAD in July 2026, 3.83% below a year earlier, a blend of houses and apartments. The El Paso price is the Texas A&M Real Estate Research Center's median sale price for El Paso County, all home types together, $280,615 USD in August 2026 on 786 sales, 4.3% above a year earlier; no City of El Paso figure is published, the city holds 78% of the county's people, and Zillow's index for the City of El Paso, which models every home rather than the ones that sold, stood lower, at $238,475. The first is about eleven times the City of Toronto's 2020 median household income of $84,000 CAD, the second about 4.7 times El Paso's 2024 median of $59,932 USD, the lowest of any city this site compares. At 20% down, Toronto's mortgage at 4.34% is $4,044 CAD a month over 25 years, and El Paso's $224,492 loan at Freddie Mac's 7.03% of 24 September 2026 about $1,498 USD over 30. Property tax runs the other way: $5,291 CAD a year in Toronto, 0.57% of the benchmark, against $5,845 USD in El Paso from five taxing units on a City and El Paso ISD address, which add to 2.643693 per $100 before exemptions, an effective 2.08% with a homestead and $7,419 without. With insurance at $150 CAD and $180 USD a month, the owners carry about $4,635 CAD and $2,165 USD, roughly 66% and 43% of local median income. A two-bedroom averaged $2,045 CAD in October 2025 and a median one $1,126 USD in September 2026. Ontario caps increases at 2.1% for 2026 in units first occupied before 15 November 2018; Texas forbids rent control.
Homicide is the one count that crosses the border intact, and Toronto has fewer for its size. The City of Toronto's own count was 45 homicides in 2025, the fewest since the 1980s, after 85 in 2024, in a city of about 2.8 million at the 2021 census; El Paso, a city of 683,012 in July 2025, recorded 26 in the FBI's file, about 3.8 per 100,000, after 20 in 2024. Statistics Canada counted 64 in the whole Toronto metro, 0.91 per 100,000. The other rates are different instruments. The Toronto metro's Crime Severity Index was 54.99 in 2025, below the national 75.0; American cities have no equivalent. Toronto's violent rate of 986.71 per 100,000 counts every violent Criminal Code violation, common assault included; El Paso's 288 is 1,969 FBI-definition offenses of murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, divided by the Census estimate, and it is the lowest violent rate of any American city this site compares. Property crime, 2,565.62 per 100,000 against 1,340, is defined differently too. Both improved in 2025, and both have cut auto theft since 2023: Toronto's reached 7,402 from 12,610 in 2023 and its violent severity index dropped 13.7%, while El Paso's motor vehicle thefts went from 2,314 in 2023 to 1,805 in 2025 and its violent offenses dropped 9%. El Paso's homicides rose in 2025, and its violent offenses remain 10% above 2021. The El Paso counts, read on 30 September 2026, can still be revised.
El Paso has the mild winter and Toronto the cooler summer. January averages -5.0 C at Pearson and 8.1 C at El Paso International; July averages 22.1 C in Toronto against 29.1 C in El Paso, where the normals count 116.8 days a year at or above 32.2 C (90F) and 26.5 at or above 37.8 C (100F). Snow is 114.5 cm a year against 7.1 cm, and precipitation is 806.8 mm against 223 mm, the least of any city this site compares; El Paso's 3,763 hours of sunshine on the older NOAA series, against 2,066.3 on Toronto's 1981-2010 normals, are the most. In both cities sudden rain is the costly water. Toronto's July 2013 and July 2024 downpours flooded roads and the Don Valley. El Paso's monsoon brings most of the year's rain in a few storms that run off the Franklin Mountains through the arroyos, and in 2006 the airport measured 6.84 in (174 mm) in nine days, in what the National Weather Service calls the worst flooding in the area's recorded history. Toronto's other hazards are lake-effect snow squalls, humid heat warnings and wildfire smoke in some summers since 2023. El Paso's are the heat, which in 2026 ran to 108 days in a row at 90F or above, with a record of 114F (45.6 C), spring dust storms, and drought: Elephant Butte Reservoir, which holds the Rio Grande water that is nearly half the city's supply, fell to 1.4% of capacity on 30 July 2026. El Paso Electric is on the western grid rather than ERCOT's, so the city sat outside the Texas grid failure of February 2021, though its own generators failed in the cold of February 2011, when the low reached 1F (-17.2 C).
The two economies are of different sizes and both are exposed to trade. The Toronto metro held 6,202,225 people at the 2021 census and the El Paso metro 881,291 in July 2025, with Ciudad Juárez, a city of 1,512,450 at Mexico's 2020 census, across the Rio Grande. The Toronto metro's unemployment rate was 6.7% in July 2026, a three-month moving average, down from 9.0% a year earlier and above Canada's 6.4%, and TD Economics found in October 2025 that trade-exposed sectors were shedding jobs. The El Paso metro's was 4.8% the same month, not seasonally adjusted; the two are not directly comparable, though the gap is wide. BLS counted 363,500 nonfarm jobs there in August 2026, 0.9% more than a year earlier. Toronto runs on banking, technology, health care and life sciences; El Paso on the Army, the border and the hospitals. Fort Bliss, home of the 1st Armored Division, had 41,527 direct employees in 2025, 30,288 of them on active duty, and trade, transportation and utilities is the largest sector, at 80,200 jobs, because 28.8 million people and 842,659 trucks entered the US at the El Paso area's ports in 2025. Median household income was $84,000 CAD in the City of Toronto in 2020 and $59,932 USD in El Paso in 2024. Ontario levies a provincial income tax, so $100,000 pays about $21,200 CAD before the Ontario Health Premium, CPP and EI, with a top combined rate of 53.53% and 13% HST. Texas levies none, so the same salary pays $13,449 USD in federal tax for 2025; the top rate is the federal 37% and sales tax is 8.25%. Property tax carries the load instead, an effective 2.08% on the El Paso County median against 0.57% of Toronto's benchmark.
Transit is the widest gap in this pair, and both cities run streetcars. In the 2021 census, 26.2% of City of Toronto commuters took transit and 9.6% walked or cycled, counted while offices were largely empty and against about 37% on transit in 2016. In El Paso in 2024, 0.9% took transit, 1.6% walked or cycled and 75.3% drove alone. The TTC carried 420 million trips in 2024, 204 million by bus, 181 million by subway and 35 million by streetcar, with GO Transit and UP Express covering the region, and projected 414 million for 2025, about 78% of 2019. Sun Metro, a department of the City of El Paso, carried 6,186,400 trips in 2025, 396,200 of them on a fare-free streetcar that runs restored 1937 PCC cars on a 4.8-mile loop through downtown to UTEP, and the rest on 39 bus routes and four Brio rapid bus lines. The Brio lines run in mixed traffic, and only the Mesa line comes every 15 minutes, at weekday peaks; the others run every 20 to 35. The system runs partly on a half-cent city sales tax levied since 1988. Flying is Toronto's too: Pearson handled 47.3 million passengers in 2025, with Billy Bishop adding short-haul flights from the waterfront, against 3,838,968 at El Paso International, which is no airline's hub.
Health care is where the border shows most. In Toronto, OHIP pays for physician and hospital care with no premium beyond the income-tested Ontario Health Premium, new residents wait up to three months for coverage, and drugs, dental and vision are mostly private or employer insured. The hospitals include the University Health Network, Sunnybrook, St. Michael's, Mount Sinai and SickKids; family-doctor shortages and long emergency and specialist waits are the standing complaints. In El Paso care is bought through an employer or marketplace plan, Medicare or Medicaid, and Texas is one of ten states that have not expanded Medicaid. It had the highest uninsured rate of any state in 2024, 16.7%, and the City of El Paso's was 20.8%. University Medical Center of El Paso, run by the county hospital district, is the region's only Level I trauma center, with 394 licensed beds, and the district has budgeted $136 million of uncompensated care for fiscal 2027; it is the teaching hospital of Texas Tech Health El Paso, whose Paul L. Foster School of Medicine was the first four-year medical school on the US-Mexico border. This site verified no wait time figure for either city. Toronto's schools run through four publicly funded boards, including the largest in Canada, with specialized programs rather than charters. El Paso's four districts are all shrinking: El Paso ISD, the one more of the city's residents live in than any other, lost almost 1,900 students in 2025-26, ran a $52.8 million deficit and on 4 June 2026 declared financial exigency to cut about 410 jobs.
What people underestimate is that neither city is growing fast, and that the housing figures describe one kind of address. The City of Toronto grew 2.3% from 2016 to 2021, half the metro's 4.6%. El Paso grew 0.6% from 2020 to 2025, the slowest of the Texas cities this site compares, and lost 2,219 residents in 2024-25, the most of any Texas city, as births fall, fewer people move up from Mexico and young adults leave for better pay. El Paso's $5,845 holds for a City address inside El Paso ISD with a filed homestead, at 2025 rates. Two of the five units, El Paso Community College and the county hospital district, grant no homestead exemption at all; the same house in Ysleta ISD owes $5,339; the new subdivisions of Paseo del Este, east of Loop 375 and outside the limits, sit in municipal utility districts that add 0.6237 to 0.8018 per $100; and on 18 August 2026 a divided City Council raised the city's own rate from 0.759649 to 0.798 per $100 for 2026. The price is a county median, and on Zillow's $238,475 for a typical City of El Paso home the same units come to $4,731. Toronto's $5,291 rests on assessments frozen at 1 January 2016, and a Toronto buyer owes $30,078 CAD in land transfer tax on the benchmark, part of it the City's own Municipal Land Transfer Tax, where a Texas buyer pays none and El Paso's Housing Finance Corporation grants a first-time buyer up to $20,000 toward the down payment. The mortgages are opposite instruments: Toronto's 4.34% renews after a five-year term, while El Paso's 7.03% holds for thirty years; at 6.67%, the August rate Charlotte and the Florida cities on this site were written at, the El Paso carry would be about $2,111.
Better here
- The City recorded 45 homicides in 2025, the fewest since the 1980s, against 26 in El Paso, a city about a quarter its size, and the metro rate was 0.91 per 100,000 against about 3.8 in the City of El Paso.
- 26.2% of city commuters took transit in the 2021 census and the TTC carried 420 million trips in 2024, against 0.9% in 2024 and 6,186,400 trips in 2025 on Sun Metro.
- OHIP covers physician and hospital care whoever employs you, where 20.8% of City of El Paso residents had no health insurance in 2024.
- July averages 22.1 C on the 1991-2020 normals, against 29.1 C in El Paso, where the same normals count 116.8 days a year at or above 32.2 C (90F).
- Property tax is about 0.57% of market value for 2026, $5,291 CAD a year on the benchmark, against an effective 2.08% on the El Paso County median for the 2025 tax year.
- Ontario caps rent increases at 2.1% for 2026 in units first occupied before 15 November 2018, where Texas forbids rent control.
Worse here
- The composite benchmark of $928,200 CAD in July 2026 is about eleven times the city's 2020 median household income, against about 4.7 times for the El Paso County median.
- Mortgage, property tax and insurance come to about $4,635 CAD a month on the benchmark, roughly 66% of the city's 2020 median, against about 43% in El Paso.
- A buyer owes $30,078 in provincial and municipal land transfer tax on the July 2026 benchmark, where Texas has no transfer tax.
- Metro unemployment was 6.7% in July 2026, above the national 6.4%, against 4.8% in the El Paso metro on an unadjusted basis.
- Income tax on $100,000 is about $21,200 CAD for 2025 before the Ontario Health Premium, against $13,449 USD of federal tax in El Paso, and HST is 13% against 8.25%.
- January averages -5.0 C on a 114.5 cm snow normal, against 8.1 C and 7.1 cm in El Paso.
Choose Toronto if
- you want to live without a car and will pay for a subway city to do it
- you want health coverage attached to residency rather than to an employer
- you would take a -5.0 C January and lake-effect snow over a summer with 116.8 days a year at 90F or more
- you are renting, or buying an apartment at $551,900 CAD rather than a detached house at $1,455,200
The Toronto guide · Neighbourhoods · Toronto rent vs buy · Toronto mortgage calculator
Better here
- The El Paso County median sale price of $280,615 USD in August 2026 is about 4.7 times the city's 2024 median household income, against about eleven times for Toronto's composite benchmark.
- Mortgage, property tax and insurance come to about $2,165 USD a month, roughly 43% of local median income against about 66% in Toronto, and the buyer pays no transfer tax.
- Texas levies no income tax, so $100,000 pays $13,449 USD in federal tax for 2025 and $13,170 for 2026, against about $21,200 CAD in Toronto.
- January averages 8.1 C with 7.1 cm of snow a year on the 1991-2020 normals, against -5.0 C and 114.5 cm in Toronto, and the older NOAA series records 3,763 hours of sunshine.
- Unemployment in the El Paso metro was 4.8% in July 2026, not seasonally adjusted, against 6.7% in the Toronto metro, on 363,500 nonfarm jobs in August.
- Violent offenses on the FBI's definitions dropped 9% in 2025 to 1,969, about 288 per 100,000 and the lowest of any American city this site compares.
Worse here
- There were 26 homicides in 2025, about 3.8 per 100,000, against 45 in the City of Toronto and a Toronto metro rate of 0.91.
- Only 0.9% of workers commuted by transit in 2024 and 75.3% drove alone, and no Brio line runs every 15 minutes outside the Mesa line's weekday peaks.
- Texas had the highest uninsured rate of any state in 2024, 16.7%, the City of El Paso's was 20.8%, and Texas is one of ten states that have not expanded Medicaid.
- The normals count 26.5 days a year at or above 37.8 C (100F), 2026 brought 108 days in a row at 90F or above, and the Rio Grande reservoir behind nearly half the water supply fell to 1.4% of capacity in July 2026.
- Property tax on the median is $5,845 a year for the 2025 tax year with a homestead, an effective 2.08%, and $7,419 without one, and the City raised its own rate in August 2026.
- The city lost 2,219 residents in 2024-25, the most of any Texas city, and El Paso ISD declared financial exigency in June 2026 as enrollment fell.
Choose El Paso if
- you want to own a house on a salary, at under five times what households around you earn rather than about eleven
- you work for the Army, the border agencies, a hospital or a business that trades with Ciudad Juárez
- you have employer health insurance you trust and would rather pay property tax on a house than provincial income tax on a salary
- you will drive to most things and would trade a -5.0 C January for a long, dry, very hot summer
The El Paso guide · Neighborhoods · El Paso rent vs buy · El Paso mortgage calculator
Toronto or El Paso, in short
Is Toronto or El Paso cheaper to live in?
El Paso, once each bill is held against its own city's pay, because the currencies do not convert here. A Toronto owner pays about $4,635 CAD a month on mortgage, property tax and insurance, roughly 66% of the city's 2020 median household income of $84,000 CAD, on a composite benchmark about eleven times that income. An El Paso owner pays about $2,165 USD, roughly 43% of the city's 2024 median of $59,932 USD, on El Paso County's median sale price of $280,615, about 4.7 times the city's income, despite a 7.03% mortgage rate against 4.34% and a property tax of about 2.08% of value; Zillow's index for the City of El Paso stood lower, at $238,475. Renting shows the same order: a two-bedroom averaged $2,045 CAD in October 2025 in Toronto and a median one was $1,126 USD in El Paso in September 2026, about 29% and 23% of each city's median household income. Toronto's taxes are heavier on income, about $21,200 CAD on $100,000 against $13,449 USD, and on purchases, 13% HST against 8.25% sales tax, and its buyer funds $30,078 CAD in land transfer tax at closing. El Paso's figure leaves out flood insurance, any utility district on the far East side and the City's rate rise of August 2026.
Is Toronto or El Paso safer?
Toronto, on homicide, the one count that crosses the border. The City of Toronto's own count was 45 homicides in 2025, the fewest since the 1980s, in a city of about 2.8 million at the 2021 census; El Paso, a city of 683,012, recorded 26 in the FBI's file, about 3.8 per 100,000, against 20 in 2024. Statistics Canada counted 64 in the whole Toronto metro, 0.91 per 100,000. The other rates are different instruments. Toronto's violent rate of 986.71 per 100,000 counts every violent Criminal Code violation, including common assault, while El Paso's 288 is murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault from the FBI's counts, divided by the Census estimate, still open to revision and the lowest of any American city this site compares. Property crime, 2,565.62 per 100,000 against 1,340, is defined differently as well. Both cities' violent crime dropped in 2025, and both have cut auto theft since 2023.
Which has the better climate, Toronto or El Paso?
El Paso has the easier winter and Toronto the easier summer. January averages 8.1 C in El Paso with 7.1 cm of snow a year, against -5.0 C and 114.5 cm in Toronto. July reverses it: 29.1 C in El Paso, where the normals count 116.8 days a year at or above 32.2 C (90F) and 26.5 at or above 37.8 C (100F), against 22.1 C in Toronto, and the summer of 2026 brought El Paso 108 days in a row at 90F or above. Toronto gets more than three times the precipitation, 806.8 mm a year against 223 mm, and El Paso far more sun, 3,763 hours on the older NOAA series against 2,066.3 on Toronto's 1981-2010 normals. Both cities flood in sudden downpours. Toronto adds lake-effect snow squalls and wildfire smoke in some summers since 2023; El Paso adds long runs of heat, spring dust storms and a drought that left the Rio Grande reservoir behind its water supply at 1.4% of capacity in July 2026.
What happens to my health care if I move from Toronto to El Paso?
Coverage stops coming with residency and starts coming with a job or a purchase. In Toronto, OHIP pays for physician and hospital care with no premium beyond the income-tested Ontario Health Premium, and an employer plan matters for drugs, dental and vision; the standing complaints are family-doctor shortages and long emergency and specialist waits. In El Paso you need an employer or marketplace plan, Medicare or Medicaid, with the premium, deductible and copay that come with it. Texas is one of the ten states that have not expanded Medicaid and had the highest uninsured rate of any state in 2024, 16.7%; the City of El Paso's was 20.8%. University Medical Center of El Paso, run by the county hospital district, is the region's only Level I trauma center and the teaching hospital of Texas Tech Health El Paso, and the district has budgeted $136 million of uncompensated care for fiscal 2027, citing the end of the enhanced ACA subsidies. William Beaumont Army Medical Center is the Army hospital at Fort Bliss. This site verified no wait time figure for either city.
Where the figures come from
Housing figures are the ones behind each city's calculators, dated on those pages. The rest are listed here with the date they were retrieved. See the methodology for how facts, estimates and opinion are kept apart.
- Population and dwelling counts: Census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations and census subdivisions (table 98-10-0003-01) · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Metro population, Five-year growth
- Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population, Toronto, City (CSD), Ontario (98-401-X2021005 CSV) · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: City population, Five-year growth, Median household income, Transit commute share, Walk and cycle commute share
- Household income statistics by dwelling and household characteristics, census metropolitan areas (table 98-10-0061-01) · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Median household income
- Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2021 boundaries (table 17-10-0148-01) · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Metro population
- Crime severity index and weighted clearance rates, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas (table 35-10-0026-01) · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Crime Severity Index, Crime trend
- Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, police services in Ontario (table 35-10-0177-01) · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Violent crime rate, Property crime rate, Homicides
- The Daily: Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2025 · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Crime Severity Index, Crime trend
- Homicides Open Data (ArcGIS feature service, Public Safety Data Portal) · Toronto Police Service · retrieved Supports: Homicides, Crime trend
- Auto Theft Open Data (ArcGIS feature service, Public Safety Data Portal) · Toronto Police Service · retrieved Supports: Crime trend
- Murders dropped sharply in several major Canadian cities last year, data show · The Globe and Mail · retrieved Supports: Homicides
- Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020, Toronto Pearson (Airport) · Environment and Climate Change Canada · retrieved Supports: January mean, July mean, Annual precipitation, Annual snowfall
- Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010, Toronto (City) · Environment and Climate Change Canada · retrieved Supports: Sunshine hours
- The Daily: Labour Force Survey, July 2026 · Statistics Canada · retrieved Supports: Unemployment rate
- Hogtown Blues: Toronto's Lagging Jobs Market · TD Economics · retrieved Supports: Labour market
- 2025 and 2026 Combined Federal and Ontario Tax Rates Including Surtaxes · TaxTips.ca · retrieved Supports: Top marginal income tax, Income tax on $100,000
- Ontario sales tax: 13% HST rates, registration, and compliance guide · Xero · retrieved Supports: Sales tax
- 34 billion rides and counting: the TTC reaches new service milestone · Toronto Transit Commission · retrieved Supports: Transit ridership
- TTC ridership declined this past fall, despite stricter return-to-office policies for workers · CP24 · retrieved Supports: Transit ridership
- GTAA Reports 2025 Annual Results · Greater Toronto Airports Authority (via Newswire) · retrieved Supports: Airport passengers
- Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Texas: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025 (SUB-EST2025) · US Census Bureau · retrieved Supports: City population, Five-year growth, Violent crime rate, Property crime rate, Homicides, Character
- Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More (all states, SUB-EST2025) · US Census Bureau · retrieved Supports: City population, Five-year growth, Character
- Annual Resident Population Estimates and Components of Change for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Their Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025 (CBSA-EST2025-ALLDATA) · US Census Bureau · retrieved Supports: Metro population, Five-year growth, Character
- El Paso city population drops by 2,209 in 2025, largest decline in Texas, new census estimates show · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Five-year growth, Median household income, Character
- Ciudad Juárez (2020 Mexican census population, ports of entry, maquiladoras) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: City population, Metro population, Main sectors, Character
- Crime Data Explorer summarized agency data, El Paso Police Department (TX0710200): violent crime, property crime, homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft and arson, 2021-2025 · FBI · retrieved Supports: Violent crime rate, Property crime rate, Homicides, Crime trend, Character
- El Paso police, sheriff report decline in serious crime in 2025 · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Violent crime rate, Homicides, Crime trend, Character
- US Climate Normals 1991-2020, station USW00023044 El Paso International Airport (Access Data Service) · NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · retrieved Supports: January mean, July mean, Annual precipitation, Annual snowfall, Climate normals, Climate hazards, Character, January 46.5F, June 83.9F, July 84.4F and December 46.1F and the monthly highs, lows, rain and snow from the monthly series, and annual mean 66.2F, precipitation 8.78 in, snowfall 2.8 in and the counts of days at 90F and 100F and nights at freezing from dataset=normals-annualseasonal-1991-2020 for the same station
- Global Historical Climatology Network daily summaries, El Paso International Airport (USW00023044), 1938-2026 · NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character, 116.8 and 26.5 are the normals; from the daily series: 70 days at or above 100F in 2023 and 44 in a row from 16 June to 29 July 2023, 62 in 1994, 57 in 2020, 52 in 2026 through 27 September, 108 days in a row at or above 90F from 6 June to 21 September 2026 against 106 in 2015, 114F on 30 June 1994, 6.84 in from 27 July to 4 August 2006 and 2.84 in on 1 August 2006, 15.01 in from July to September 2006, 3.2 in of snow on 14 February 2021 and 14F on 14 and 15 February 2021, 15F high on 2 February 2011 and 1F on 3 February 2011, -8F on 11 January 1962
- Average Annual Days of Sunshine and Percent of Possible Sunshine, Texas · Current Results (NCDC Comparative Climatic Data) · retrieved Supports: Sunshine hours, Climate normals
- El Paso, Texas (climate table: monthly sunshine hours 1961-1990 from NOAA; flooding, dust storms, February 2011 cold; school districts) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Sunshine hours, Climate normals, Climate hazards, Education, Main sectors, character.note (El Paso is in the Mountain Time Zone, UTC-07:00)
- Meteorological Aspects of the 2006 El Paso Texas Metropolitan Area Floods (National Weather Digest, August 2009) · NOAA National Weather Service, El Paso/Santa Teresa · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character
- Stormwater · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- Major Wind Storm Strikes Western Texas and Southern New Mexico (8 December 2009) · NOAA National Weather Service, El Paso/Santa Teresa · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- Intense Cold Wave of February 2011 · NOAA National Weather Service, El Paso/Santa Teresa · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- Water Resources · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- Rio Grande and Elephant Butte · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character
- Desalination (Kay Bailey Hutchison Desalination Plant) · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character
- Pure Water Center · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character
- Elephant Butte Lake, estimated daily storage (Water Data for Texas) · Texas Water Development Board · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character, 2.4% of conservation capacity (46,717 acre-feet) on 30 September 2026, a 2026 low of 26,777 acre-feet (1.4%) on 30 July, the least since October 1971, 2.9% in July 2013
- El Paso ends historic hot summer with longest streak of 90-degree days · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards, Character
- February 2021 Winter Storm-Related Deaths, Texas (mortality surveillance report) · Texas Department of State Health Services · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- El Paso Electric (service area, generation, customers) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- Frigid temperatures sweep into El Paso: What to expect, how to prepare · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Climate hazards
- ACS 2024 1-year tables B08301 and B19013 for El Paso city, El Paso County and the El Paso MSA · Census Reporter API (US Census Bureau ACS) · retrieved Supports: Median household income, Transit commute share, Walk and cycle commute share, Character
- ACS 2024 1-year table B27001 (health insurance coverage) for the 50 states, DC, El Paso County, El Paso city and the El Paso MSA, and for the US · Census Reporter API (US Census Bureau ACS) · retrieved Supports: Health care, Character
- Local Area Unemployment Statistics, El Paso, TX MSA (LAUMT482134000000003), El Paso city (LAUCT482400000000003), El Paso County (LAUCN481410000000003), the Houston, San Antonio and Dallas-Fort Worth MSAs and the US rate (LNU04000000), not seasonally adjusted · US Bureau of Labor Statistics · retrieved Supports: Unemployment rate
- Current Employment Statistics, El Paso, TX MSA: total nonfarm (SMU48213400000000001, SMS48213400000000001), supersectors (SMU482134xx00000001) and federal, state and local government (SMU4821340909x000001) · US Bureau of Labor Statistics · retrieved Supports: Main sectors, Labour market
- Fort Bliss (Texas military installations economic impact, 2025) · Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts · retrieved Supports: Main sectors, Labour market, Character
- Fort Bliss (size, FORSCOM, 1st Armored Division) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Main sectors
- Border Crossing Entry Data (El Paso, Ysleta and Tornillo ports and all US-Mexico ports, 2024 and 2025) · US Bureau of Transportation Statistics · retrieved Supports: Main sectors, Labour market, Character
- Meta data center expected to become city of El Paso's largest property taxpayer · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Labour market, Character
- Meta-Abbott agreement on data center guidelines appears to have no effect on El Paso plans · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Labour market, Climate hazards
- City Sales and Use Tax (city rate table) · Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts · retrieved Supports: Sales tax
- Transit Sales and Use Tax (El Paso CTD, effective April 1, 1988) · Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts · retrieved Supports: Sales tax, Transit ridership
- County Sales and Use Tax (El Paso County, effective January 1, 1988) · Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts · retrieved Supports: Sales tax
- Texas Tax Rates & Rankings · Tax Foundation · retrieved Supports: Top marginal income tax, Income tax on $100,000, Tax notes, Character
- 2025 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates · Tax Foundation · retrieved Supports: Top marginal income tax, Income tax on $100,000
- 2026 Tax Brackets and Federal Income Tax Rates · Tax Foundation · retrieved Supports: Top marginal income tax, Income tax on $100,000
- Property Tax Exemptions · Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts · retrieved Supports: Tax notes
- After hours of tense debate, divided El Paso City Council adopts budget, raises taxes · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Tax notes, Character
- Highest tax rates, lowest tax bills: The complicated reality of El Paso property taxes · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Tax notes, Character
- El Paso County Hospital District budgets pay raises, rise in uncompensated care · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Tax notes, Health care
- Sun Metro (routes, fleet, service area, Brio, streetcar, citing the APTA Transit Ridership Reports, Q4 2025 and Q2 2026) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Transit system, Transit ridership
- Template:American transit ridership (APTA Transit Ridership Reports, Q4 2025 and Q2 2026) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Transit ridership, Character
- Brio routes (Alameda, Dyer, Mesa and Montana corridors) · Sun Metro · retrieved Supports: Transit system, Transit ridership
- Sun Metro Brio (opening dates, frequency) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Transit system, Transit ridership
- About Streetcars (hours, frequency, fare, track, stops) · Sun Metro · retrieved Supports: Transit system, Transit ridership
- El Paso Streetcar (opening, PCC cars, international line) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Transit system, Transit ridership
- Fares & Passes · Sun Metro · retrieved Supports: Transit ridership
- December 2025 Aviation Activity Report (calendar year 2025 vs 2024) · El Paso International Airport, City of El Paso Department of Aviation · retrieved Supports: Airport passengers
- El Paso International Airport (location, 2026 airspace closure) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Airport passengers, Climate normals
- Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions · KFF · retrieved Supports: Health care
- About Us (FY 2024 vitals) · University Medical Center of El Paso · retrieved Supports: Health care, Character
- New UMC CEO to lead hospital through growth, voter-approved bond projects · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Health care
- About Texas Tech Health El Paso · Texas Tech Health El Paso · retrieved Supports: Health care, Education
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso (independence, schools, first four-year medical school on the border) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Health care
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Health care
- El Paso County lost nearly 12,000 school-age children since 2020, census estimates show · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Education, Character
- Hundreds of El Paso teachers leave classrooms as enrollment decline reshapes area schools, workforce · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Education
- 6 things to know: How EPISD is handling a financial crisis · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Education, Character
- EPISD board members Daniel Call and Valerie Beals announce resignations · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Education
- El Paso ISD trustees postpone bond election until May 2027 · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Education
- Ysleta ISD nearly depletes savings under adopted budget, avoids layoffs for now · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: Education
- About UTEP (by the numbers) · The University of Texas at El Paso · retrieved Supports: Education, Character
- University of Texas at El Paso (R1 classification) · Wikipedia · retrieved Supports: Education
- Fact Book, Fall 2024 · El Paso Community College · retrieved Supports: Education
- Route 205 Mesa Brio, 206 Alameda Brio, 207 Dyer Brio and 208 Montana Brio schedules (current) · Sun Metro · retrieved Supports: Transit system
- Market Watch, July 2026 · Toronto Regional Real Estate Board · retrieved Supports: A City of Toronto MLS® HPI composite benchmark of $928,200 in July 2026, down 3.83% year over year, City of Toronto benchmarks of $1,455,200 single-family detached (down 4.40%), $1,146,300 single-family attached (down 4.00%), $725,300 townhouse (down 5.75%) and $551,900 apartment (down 7.09%), An All TRREB Areas composite benchmark of $934,600, down 4.63%, covering the region rather than the City, A GTA average selling price of $1,003,956 in July 2026, down 4.5% year over year, 5,995 sales, 14,484 new listings (down 17.8%) and 26,098 active listings (down 12.1%) in July 2026, District benchmarks for Toronto C02 ($1,302,900 composite, detached down 2.15%, apartment down 14.65%), C14 ($888,100), E07 ($735,600) and W06 ($814,300)
- Rental Market Survey: Toronto, average rent by bedroom type, October 2025 · Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation · retrieved Supports: Toronto CMA average purpose-built rents of $1,491 bachelor, $1,761 one-bedroom, $2,045 two-bedroom and $2,294 three-bedroom-plus, An overall purpose-built average of $1,917, A Toronto CMA purpose-built vacancy rate of 3.0%, the highest since 2021
- Property tax rates and fees, 2026 · City of Toronto · retrieved Supports: A 2026 total residential rate of 0.767311%: 0.605295% city, 0.153% education and 0.009016% City Building Fund, The City's own worked example of $692,140 of assessment at 0.767311%, which is $5,311, Education rates set by the province and city rates set by council
- City of Toronto's 2026 Budget now final · City of Toronto · retrieved Supports: A combined 2026 residential property tax and City Building Fund increase of 2.2%, MPAC's average Toronto current value assessment of $692,140, An increase of $91.53 a year, or $7.63 a month, on that average assessment
- Municipal Land Transfer Tax rates and fees · City of Toronto · retrieved Supports: A municipal land transfer tax charged on top of the provincial one, on Toronto purchases only, Brackets of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4.4%, with further bands above $3,000,000, A first-time buyer rebate of up to $4,475 of the municipal tax
- Premium information for homeowner and small rental loans · Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation · retrieved Supports: Mortgage default insurance premium rates by loan-to-value
- Regulations amending the Insurable Housing Loan Regulations and the Eligible Mortgage Loan Regulations (SOR/2025-55) · Canada Gazette, Part II · retrieved Supports: The $1.5 million insured price cap, 30-year amortization for first-time buyers and new builds
- Minimum qualifying rate for uninsured mortgages · Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions · retrieved Supports: The qualifying rate of the contract rate plus two points, or 5.25%
- Interest rates charged for new and existing lending by chartered banks · Bank of Canada · retrieved Supports: The default mortgage rate of 4.34%, uninsured five-year-plus fixed, funds advanced May 2026
- Calculating Land Transfer Tax · Ontario Ministry of Finance · retrieved Supports: Provincial transfer tax brackets, The conditional 2.5% band
- Residential rent increases · Government of Ontario · retrieved Supports: 2026 rent increase guideline of 2.1%, The 2018 occupancy exemption
- Retail Sales Tax · Government of Ontario · retrieved Supports: 8% retail sales tax on insurance premiums
- Housing activity: El Paso County, monthly · Texas Real Estate Research Center at Texas A&M University · retrieved Supports: A median sale price of $280,615 in El Paso County in August 2026 on 786 sales, against $269,000 on 706 sales in August 2025, up 4.32%, and an average of $313,426, 2,462 active listings and 3.39 months of inventory in August 2026, against 3,048 and 4.39 a year earlier, Figures from MLS listings of single-family homes, condominiums and townhouses, new and existing, physically located within the county, with no split by type and no City of El Paso figure
- Zillow Home Value Index, all homes, middle tier, smoothed and seasonally adjusted, by city · Zillow Research · retrieved Supports: A typical home value of $238,475 for the city of El Paso (region 17933) in August 2026, $233,280 in August 2025, so a rise of 2.2% over the year
- Zillow Home Value Index, single-family and condominium series, by city · Zillow Research · retrieved Supports: A typical single-family value of $239,433 in the city of El Paso in August 2026, against $234,144 a year earlier, up 2.3%, A typical condominium value of $176,689 in the same month, against $179,195, down 1.4%, from the condominium file at https://files.zillowstatic.com/research/public_csvs/zhvi/City_zhvi_uc_condo_tier_0.33_0.67_sm_sa_month.csv
- El Paso Rent Report, October 2026 · Apartment List · retrieved Supports: A median rent of $941 for a one-bedroom and $1,126 for a two-bedroom in the city of El Paso, and $1,182 across all bedroom sizes, Rents up 0.9% over September and up 1.6% over the past 12 months, against -2.1% for the state
- Apartments for rent in El Paso, TX: average rent · Apartment List · retrieved Supports: Average listed rents of $811 and up for a studio, $1,125 and up for one bedroom, $1,192 and up for two, and $1,369 and up for three or more
- FY 2026 fair market rents, El Paso, TX HUD Metro FMR Area · United States Department of Housing and Urban Development · retrieved Supports: FY 2026 fair market rents of $821 for an efficiency, $1,013 for one bedroom, $1,191 for two, $1,633 for three and $1,998 for four, as gross rents including utilities, The FMR area as El Paso County alone
- Zillow Observed Rent Index, all homes plus multifamily, smoothed, by city · Zillow Research · retrieved Supports: An observed rent index of $1,519 for the city of El Paso in August 2026, against $1,471 a year earlier, up 3.25%
- Zillow Observed Rent Index, single-family homes, smoothed, by metro · Zillow Research · retrieved Supports: A single-family observed rent index of $1,776 for the El Paso metro area (region 394561) in August 2026, against $1,701 a year earlier
- 2025 taxing entities and rates · City of El Paso Tax Office · retrieved Supports: The City of El Paso collecting property taxes for the governments listed, at 2025 rates per $100 of maintenance and operations, interest and sinking, and total, City of El Paso 0.549469, 0.210180 and 0.759649; County of El Paso 0.395292, 0.063597 and 0.458889; El Paso ISD 0.769900, 0.310800 and 1.080700; El Paso Community College 0.103563, none and 0.103563; University Medical Center 0.179542, 0.061350 and 0.240892, Ysleta ISD 0.770500, 0.430000 and 1.200500; Socorro ISD 0.668900, 0.270000 and 0.938900; Canutillo ISD 1.152500, Paseo del Este MUDs 1 to 11 at 0.623700 to 0.801800, Horizon Regional MUD 0.662800, Emergency Services District 1 0.100000 and District 2 0.087138, the Downtown Management District 0.120000 and City of El Paso MMD 1 0.270000
- El Paso Central Appraisal District: entities and exemptions, 21 June 2023 · El Paso Central Appraisal District · retrieved Supports: An optional residential homestead exemption of $5,000 for the City of El Paso and El Paso County, 20% for Ysleta ISD, and none for El Paso Community College or University Medical Center, The school homestead exemption for every school district, and no local option tax freeze granted by any entity in the county
- 2 in every 5 El Paso County homeowners won't have to pay school property taxes under expanded homestead exemption · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: The city and county governments with $5,000 homestead exemptions, and University Medical Center of El Paso and El Paso Community College with none, Ysleta ISD's additional 20% homestead exemption on top of the state's, More than 77,000 El Paso County homeowners owing no school tax in 2025 once the $140,000 exemption applied, about 43% of homesteads
- Some El Paso homeowners will save hundreds with relief on school property taxes. Others may see their tax bills go up. · El Paso Matters · retrieved Supports: El Paso ISD as the largest district in the county, An average taxable home value in the county of just over $223,000 in 2025, and the City's line as the largest part of the bill for most homeowners
- Comparing property taxes: El Paso and beyond, May 2025 · Hunt Institute for Global Competitiveness, University of Texas at El Paso · retrieved Supports: A combined 2024 property tax rate of 2.595740% for the City of El Paso, above San Antonio's 2.079601%, Houston's 2.092362%, Austin's 1.981814% and Dallas's 2.235030%
- Median household income, median home value and tenure, tables B19013, B25077 and B25003, 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimates · United States Census Bureau, via the Census Reporter API · retrieved Supports: A median household income of $59,932 in El Paso city, against $79,721 for Texas, Median household incomes of $64,361 in Houston, $66,176 in San Antonio, $74,323 in Dallas, $82,503 in Fort Worth and $90,430 in Austin, A median owner-occupied home value of $209,600 in El Paso city, and 151,778 of its 246,570 occupied homes owner-occupied
- Tax and budget: 2026 tax rate notices · City of El Paso Office of Management and Budget · retrieved Supports: A proposed 2026 rate of $0.809487 per $100, the voter-approval rate, against a no-new-revenue rate of $0.747490, from https://www.elpasotexas.gov/assets/Documents/CoEP/OMB/Tax-Budget/2026/2026.08.04-NOTICE-OF-PUBLIC-HEARING-ON-TAX-INCREASE.pdf
- El Paso City Council approves 2026-27 budget; increase in property taxes · KFOX14 and CBS4 · retrieved Supports: A 2026 rate of $0.798000 per $100 adopted on 18 August 2026, about 1.1 cents below the introduced $0.809487, An estimated increase of about $105 a year for a single-family homeowner
- 2020 block assignment files, Texas: unified school districts and places · United States Census Bureau · retrieved Supports: Read with the 2020 redistricting file's block populations, at https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/Texas/tx2020.pl.zip, and the district names in https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2025_Gazetteer/2025_Gaz_unsd_national.zip, Of the City of El Paso's 678,815 residents in 2020: 304,886 in El Paso ISD, 187,847 in Ysleta ISD, 164,173 in Socorro ISD and 21,909 in Canutillo ISD, 304,886 of El Paso ISD's 319,124 residents inside the city, and all 187,847 of Ysleta ISD's
- 2025 Gazetteer files: places, Texas · United States Census Bureau · retrieved Supports: A land area of 258.823 square miles and a water area of 0.534 square miles for El Paso city
- Valuing property: limitation on residence homestead value increases · Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts · retrieved Supports: A residence homestead's appraised value may not rise more than 10% a year once the owner has qualified in the preceding and current year
- Official statement, Paseo del Este Municipal Utility District No. 4 unlimited tax bonds, series 2025, 13 November 2025 · Paseo del Este Municipal Utility District No. 4, via SAMCO Capital Markets · retrieved Supports: The district wholly within the City of El Paso's extraterritorial jurisdiction, about 15 miles east of the central area of the City, north of Interstate 10 and east of Loop 375, Paseo del Este planned to include about 4,300 acres, with about 10,546 single-family lots developed as of 31 August 2025, Overlapping 2025 rates of 0.801800 for the district, 0.458889 for the county, 0.100000 for Emergency Services District 1, 0.103563 for the college, 0.938900 for Socorro ISD and 0.240892 for University Medical Center, 2.644044 in all
- PSB approves FY 2026-27 budget, rates and fees, 14 January 2026 · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: An increase of $9.99 a month on the typical residential bill, 12% over the previous year's, with stormwater fees unchanged
- Rates and fees · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Residential stormwater charges of $3.00 a month up to 900 square feet of impervious area, $3.71 to 1,200, $7.42 for a typical 1,201 to 3,000, $14.81 to 4,000 and $18.55 above it, Water rates effective with meter readings after 1 March 2026
- Sample bill · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Solid waste charges for the City's Environmental Services Department of $34.65 a month on the water bill: $21.00 for one gray bin, a $5.00 environmental fee, a $6.00 franchise fee and $2.65 of sales tax
- Stormwater FAQ · El Paso Water · retrieved Supports: Flooding when runoff exceeds the capacity of an arroyo or channel, and natural arroyos, some protected from development, as part of the stormwater system
- International Bridges · City of El Paso · retrieved Supports: The City managing three of the region's international ports of entry, Paso del Norte, Stanton and Zaragoza, whose American sides the City owns
- Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020: resultados, Chihuahua · Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía · retrieved Supports: Juárez as the most populous municipality in Chihuahua, with 1,512,450 inhabitants
- Primary Mortgage Market Survey, 24 September 2026 · Freddie Mac · retrieved Supports: A 30-year fixed-rate mortgage averaging 7.03%, up from 6.95% the week before and 6.30% a year earlier
- Texas title insurance basic premium rates · Texas Department of Insurance · retrieved Supports: A basic premium of $780 plus 0.00494 of the amount over $100,000 for policies from $100,001 to $1,000,000, effective 1 March 2026
- Texas homeowners insurance market overview · Texas Department of Insurance · retrieved Supports: A statewide average homeowners premium of $3,489 a year for 2025
- Best home insurance companies in El Paso, Texas · Insurify · retrieved Supports: An average El Paso premium of $2,280 a year for $300,000 of dwelling cover and a $1,000 deductible, against a Texas average of $4,656 for the same cover, updated 27 September 2026, El Paso's distance from the Gulf Coast and its hurricanes as a reason its premiums are lower
- Texas homeowners insurance · NerdWallet · retrieved Supports: An average El Paso premium of $2,520 a year, $210 a month, for $500,000 of dwelling cover, $300,000 of liability and a $1,000 deductible, updated 20 February 2026
- Renters insurance in Texas · NerdWallet · retrieved Supports: An average El Paso renters premium of $130 a year, $11 a month, updated 23 September 2026
- Monthly homeowners' association and condominium fee, tables B25142 and B25143, 2024 American Community Survey 1-year estimates, El Paso city · United States Census Bureau, via the Census Reporter API · retrieved Supports: A median monthly association fee of $50 among El Paso owner-occupied units that pay one, 7,263 of 151,778 owner-occupied units, or 4.8%, paying such a fee, and 400 paying $500 or more a month
- Housing Finance Corporation · City of El Paso Community and Human Development · retrieved Supports: The El Paso Housing Finance Corporation, a non-profit created by the City Council, in existence since 1979, The Mi Casa Homebuyer Grant: up to $20,000 of grant funds for the down payment and closing costs on a home within the city limits, after homebuyer education, for a first-time buyer outside the target area, under income limits of $90,600 for one or two people and $105,340 for three or more outside the target area, and $109,920 and $128,240 inside it, The Welcome Home El Paso grant of up to 5% of the loan through participating lenders
- El Paso weighs shifting $2.5M from first-time buyer aid to affordable housing · KFOX14 and CBS4 · retrieved Supports: The City's first-time homebuyer program, up to $45,000 plus $5,000 toward the down payment or closing costs, last used in 2021, A household income cap of 80% of the area median and a price cap of $226,000, and a proposal of 14 September 2026 to move $2.5 million of unused funds to multi-family construction